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Chronic urticaria and angioedema are persistent allergic conditions characterized by recurrent hives and deep tissue swelling lasting more than 6 weeks. These conditions significantly impact quality of life and require systematic evaluation to identify potential triggers and underlying causes.
Mast cell degranulation releases inflammatory mediators including histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins, causing increased vascular permeability and vasodilation. In chronic cases, this process becomes self-perpetuating through autoimmune mechanisms, complement activation, or persistent antigenic stimulation leading to ongoing inflammation.
Diagnosis requires careful history-taking to identify potential triggers, physical examination to assess lesion characteristics, and laboratory testing to rule out systemic causes. Management focuses on antihistamine therapy, trigger avoidance, and in severe cases, immunosuppressive agents or biologics like omalizumab to control symptoms and prevent complications.