2 learning resources available for this topic
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) involves blood clot formation in deep veins, most commonly in the legs, while venous thromboembolism (VTE) encompasses both DVT and pulmonary embolism (PE). VTE represents a major cause of preventable hospital mortality and requires prompt recognition and anticoagulation therapy.
VTE develops through Virchow's triad: venous stasis, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability, leading to thrombus formation in deep venous systems. When clots dislodge from DVT sites, they can travel through venous circulation to pulmonary arteries, causing potentially fatal pulmonary embolism.
Risk stratification using tools like Wells score guides diagnostic approach, with D-dimer testing and imaging (ultrasound for DVT, CTPA for PE) confirming diagnosis. Immediate anticoagulation with heparin or direct oral anticoagulants prevents clot extension and reduces embolic risk, while identifying underlying causes guides long-term management strategies.
Key imaging focus: Filling defects in pulmonary arteries, RV strain signs, Hampton hump, Westermark sign on CXR