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Wound healing is a complex physiological process requiring adequate nutrition to support cellular repair, collagen synthesis, and immune function. Surgical patients have increased metabolic demands and nutritional requirements that directly impact healing outcomes, infection rates, and recovery time.
The wound healing process involves hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling phases, each requiring specific nutrients including protein for tissue synthesis, vitamin C for collagen formation, and zinc for enzymatic functions. Malnutrition impairs immune response, delays angiogenesis, reduces fibroblast activity, and compromises the structural integrity of healing tissues.
Preoperative nutritional assessment and optimization can significantly reduce postoperative complications and improve surgical outcomes. Healthcare providers should evaluate protein status, micronutrient deficiencies, and overall nutritional status, implementing targeted interventions such as protein supplementation, vitamin optimization, and enteral or parenteral nutrition when indicated to support optimal wound healing.